MAXIMS AND LOCATIONS EXISTING: A STUDY OF URDU AND ENGLISH SHORT STORIES UNDER PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Short stories consisted on the simple plots and describe a single issue of life. Many of the short stories are analyzed in different domains but are of one language. Present study is conducted to analyze maxims and the conversational intentions of short stories of two different languages as English and Urdu. The study is intended to comparatively analyze an English short story Clay by James Joyce (1914) and Urdu story Saza by Humaira Waheed (2020). The study is qualitative which is intended to explore Grice’s maxims (1975) and Yule’s speech acts (1996). The findings of the study show that there is existence of maxims but mostly are flouted in Urdu short stories
compared to English. Though the characters change their locations but at the end, they have to return back to their basic position. Knowledge of setting is utmost necessary to understand the maxims, locations and speech actions.